Glass Box

Machine Learning and Medicine, by Rachel Draelos, MD, PhD

Table of Contents

This Table of Contents organizes all of my blog posts by topic, as if this blog were a book.

Machine Learning

What’s the difference between AI, machine learning, and deep learning?

Introduction to Neural Networks

Multi-label vs. Multi-class Classification: Sigmoid vs. Softmax

Machine Art

The History of Convolutional Neural Networks

How Computers See: Intro to Convolutional Neural Networks

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in 5 minutes

Convolution vs. Cross-Correlation

Connections: Log Likelihood, Cross Entropy, KL Divergence, Logistic Regression, and Neural Networks

Machine Learning Coding Tutorials in Python

How to Organize Machine Learning Projects: Python, Git, Anaconda, Code, and NO Jupyter Notebooks

Using Predefined and Pretrained CNNs in PyTorch: Tutorial with Code

Designing Custom 2D and 3D CNNs in PyTorch: Tutorial with Code

Building Custom Image Datasets in PyTorch: Tutorial with Code

Multi-GPU Training in PyTorch: Data and Model Parallelism

Numpy and Pandas Quick Reference

Performance Metrics

Measuring Performance: Accuracy

Measuring Performance: The Confusion Matrix

Measuring Performance: AUC (AUROC)

Comparing AUCs of Machine Learning Models with DeLong’s Test

Measuring Performance: AUPRC and Average Precision

The Complete Guide to AUC and Average Precision: Simulations and Visualizations

Attention & Transformers

Learn to Pay Attention! Trainable Visual Attention in CNNs

Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks

The Transformer: Attention Is All You Need

Universal Transformers

Gradient-Based Convolutional Neural Network Explanation Methods

CNN Heat Maps: Saliency/Backpropagation

CNN Heat Maps: Gradients vs. DeconvNets vs. Guided Backpropagation

Class Model Visualization for CNNs

CNN Heat Maps: Class Activation Mapping (CAM)

Grad-CAM: Visual Explanations for Deep Networks

Guided Grad-CAM is Broken! Sanity Checks for Saliency Maps

Model Explanation is Not Weakly Supervised Segmentation

AI Safety, Large Language Models, and Artificial General Intelligence

Human and Artificial General Intelligence Arises From Next Token Prediction

ChatGPT is Not a Doctor: Hidden Dangers in Seeking Medical Advice from LLMs

Bias, Toxicity, and Jailbreaking Large Language Models (LLMs)

AI Alignment and Moral Philosophy for Artificial General Intelligence

Is “Good” AI Harder than “Bad” AI?

Job Loss from AI: Labor Market Impact of Large Language Models

Debiasing ChatGPT: Creating an LLM that isn’t racist or sexist

Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Highlights from 95 Pages

Just for Fun: Llama2 Chats with ChatGPT3.5

Hands in Human Dreams Look AI-Generated

Machine Learning for Medical Applications

Automated Chest X-Ray Interpretation

Automatic Interpretation of Chest CT Scans with Machine Learning

Chest CT Scan Machine Learning in 5 minutes

COVID-19 Chest CT Scan Analysis: Clinical Recommendations and Machine Learning Applications

Regularization for Neural Networks with Framingham Case Study

Segmentation: U-Net, Mask R-CNN, and Medical Applications

Preparing Medical Data for Machine Learning

Best Use of Train/Val/Test Splits, with Tips for Medical Data

Downloading and Preprocessing Medical Images in Bulk: DICOM to NumPy with Python

Intro to Sentence Analysis for Radiology Label Extraction (SARLE)

RAD-ChestCT: Publicly Available Multi-Abnormality CT Scan Dataset

Preparing EHR & Tabular Data for Neural Networks (Code Included!)

Medical Data

The Origins of Medical Data

Genomics, Transcriptomics, and Proteomics for Data Scientists (DNA, RNA, Protein)

Inpatient vs. Outpatient

Introduction to Medical Abbreviations

Representing EHR data: ICD codes vs. CCS codes

All About Drugs: Intro to Pharmacology

Medicine: Radiology: Anatomy

Anatomy for Radiology: Terms of Location

Anatomy for Radiology: Chest

Anatomy for Radiology: Abdomen

Medicine: Radiology: Chest X-Rays

Radiology: Normal Chest X-Rays

Radiology: Abnormal Chest X-Rays Part I

Radiology: Abnormal Chest X-Rays Part II

Radiology: Abnormal Chest X-Rays Part III

Medicine: Terminology & Anatomy Videos

Intro to Medical Terminology

Terminology and Anatomy of the Integumentary System

Terminology and Anatomy of the Respiratory System

Terminology and Anatomy of the Urinary System

Terminology and Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System

Terminology and Hormones of the Endocrine System

Terminology and Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal System

Terminology and Anatomy of the Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat (HEENT)

Terminology and Anatomy of the Musculoskeletal System

Terminology and Anatomy of the Nervous System

Careers & Miscellaneous

Earning an M.D. and a Ph.D. in Computer Science: Becoming a Physician Scientist

How to Ace Your Job Interview: Advice From A Tech CEO

Surviving the Wards While Pregnant: Bring a Chair on Rounds and Other Tips